Earning American Express (Amex) points in Singapore can be a nuanced endeavor. While most consumers know that using the card earns points, few are aware of the strategies to maximize this benefit. Below are some advanced tactics to rapidly accrue Amex points in Singapore, informed by the different card types and benefits offered.
Optimize Card Usage According to Categories
American Express Platinum Card: Ideal for dining and travel expenses, it yields 2 Membership Rewards points for every S$1.60 spent. However, the Platinum Card's 10Xcelerator program can boost this to 20 points per S$1.60 at selected Platinum 10Xcelerator Partners.
American Express Rewards Card: This card is best for everyday expenses like groceries and utility bills, earning 1 point per S$1 spent.
Leverage the 10Xcelerator Program
Eligible Spends: Primarily, focus on dining and selected online retail websites for up to 20 points per S$1.60, capped at S$16,000 per year.
Cap Monitoring: Keep track of your expenses in this category. After reaching the S$16,000 threshold, you'll revert to earning 10 points per S$1.60.
Link Eligible Cards
Synergy: Pooling points from different Amex cards can help you reach higher-value redemptions faster. For instance, if you also own a corporate Amex card, consider linking it to pool even more points.
Use Supplementary Cards Strategically
Audience: Issue these cards to individuals with high spend tendencies but always within their financial capability.
Track Spending: Monitor spending patterns to ensure they align with high-reward categories.
Take Advantage of Promotions
Short-Term Promos: Keep an eye out for limited-time offers, such as festive promotions or partnerships with specific retailers, which may offer bonus points or cashback.
American Express Dining Privileges: Up to 50% off dining bills at over 50 restaurants can also earn you points quicker due to increased frequency of dining out.
Intelligent Points Redemption
Statement Credits vs. eVouchers: 62,500 points equate to S$375 in statement credits or S$280 in eVouchers. The former offers a better value conversion.
Point Expiry: Some points expire after a set period. Consider using them for high-value redemptions like flight upgrades or premium gifts.
Pay with Points Option
High-Value Partners: Focus on the 80 partners where 1,000 points equal S$6 off as opposed to the general rate of S$4.80 per 1,000 points for maximum value.
In the bustling city of Changsha, Hunan, resides a bubble tea brand that has recently been on the lips of every young connoisseur of refreshing beverages - Cha Yan Yue Se. This brand, with its roots deeply embedded in the city's culture, has gained an impressive following owing to its delightful yet pocket-friendly bubble tea concoctions. This comprehensive analysis aims to dissect the elements that have propelled Cha Yan Yue Se to its current status, delving into its product array, business blueprint, and strategic maneuvers.
The ethos of Cha Yan Yue Se's expansion blueprint is underpinned by a prudent and long-term vision. Rather than chasing ephemeral success in unfamiliar territories, the brand chooses to solidify its stronghold in its bastion in Changsha while cautiously extending its tendrils into new markets. This approach, while seemingly conservative, has engendered a robust brand image and an unwavering loyalty among its clientele.
The trajectory of Cha Yan Yue Se elucidates a brand that is as mindful of its roots as it is ambitious about its future. Through a blend of local dominance and cautious expansion, it showcases a model that prioritizes sustainable growth over transient success. In a market that often witnesses the fleeting blaze of brands, Cha Yan Yue Se's methodical pace promises a long-lasting imprint on the bubble tea industry.
Central to Cha Yan Yue Se's burgeoning popularity is its ability to offer delightful bubble tea that doesn't necessitate a splurge. A medley of flavors and toppings awaits the customers, appeasing a myriad of taste preferences. The brand's insistence on premium-grade ingredients is noteworthy; the use of imported Ceylon black tea, fresh milk from Nestle, and pure animal cream from Anchor underscores its commitment to quality. Their drink concoctions predominantly follow the formula of "tea base + milk + cream + nuts" or a simpler "tea base + milk". Beyond the captivating flavors, the brand extends gestures like birthday vouchers and enticing discounts, for instance, a half-price offer on a second cup every Wednesday and on rainy days, making the indulgence a bit sweeter.
An Array of Liquid Indulgences
With a substantial roster of 32 standard offerings, complemented by seasonal additions in the summertime, Cha Yan Yue Se has a potion for every palate. From traditional tea bases to innovative new blends, the brand ensures that every visit can be a new gustatory adventure.
Strategic Outposts in a Bustling Urban Landscape
The smart placement of Cha Yan Yue Se outlets in high footfall zones across Changsha has been instrumental in rapidly amplifying brand awareness and market infiltration. This dense network of stores not only enhances brand visibility but significantly cuts down waiting time for customers, a critical factor in retaining the impatient urban clientele.
Capitalizing on Changsha's Digital Stardom
Changsha's emergence as a cradle for internet-famed brands hasn't gone unnoticed by Cha Yan Yue Se. By situating itself amidst this digital buzz, the brand has artfully crafted an "exclusive" aura around itself. This is further amplified by engaging storytelling and adept use of major social platforms to keep the conversations buzzing and the brand trending.
Meticulous Business Blueprint
Drawing parallels with the 7-11 model, Cha Yan Yue Se's business ethos is anchored in upholding superior quality and service across all outlets. The brand has trodden cautiously on the expansion path, with a sparse presence beyond Changsha in cities like Changde, Wuhan, and Shenzhen. This conservative growth tactic has been instrumental in preserving the brand's sterling image and fostering a loyal customer base.
Cost-Effectiveness Approach
Renowned for its presence in the bustling bubble tea market of Changsha, Cha Yan Yue Se has meticulously crafted a pricing paradigm that emphasizes cost-effectiveness without compromising the caliber of its offerings. The spectrum of bubble tea concoctions proposed by the brand is priced within a bracket of RMB 12 (USD 1.9) at the lowest tier, ascending to RMB 26 (USD 4) for the premium selections, with the median price hovering around RMB 15-16 (USD 2.3-2.5). This pricing architecture has enabled Cha Yan Yue Se to resonate with a diverse clientele, notably the youth, who often exhibit price sensitivity.
Alongside its pocket-friendly price tags, Cha Yan Yue Se extends a suite of promotional enticements to magnetize customers. The brand, for instance, celebrates customers' birthdays with special vouchers and tempts them with discounts such as a 50% reduction on the second cup every Wednesday and on drizzly days. These marketing gambits are designed not only to coax customers into sampling Cha Yan Yue Se's creations but also to foster a culture of recurrent patronage.
Drawing a comparison with its adversaries like Hey Tea and Nayuki Tea, which cater to a higher-end market segment with their price range of RMB 20-30 (USD 2.9-4.4), Cha Yan Yue Se's pricing doctrine distinctly sets it apart. By proffering superior quality bubble tea at more accessible prices, it has successfully etched a unique space for itself amid the fiercely competitive bubble tea landscape in Changsha.
Worth mentioning is an announcement from Cha Yan Yue Se in January 2022 regarding a price augmentation, attributed to the swell of inflation and escalating raw material expenditures. Despite this upward adjustment, the core essence of Cha Yan Yue Se's pricing tactic remains anchored in affordability, continually striving to deliver commendable value to its patrons.
The Chinese mobile gaming market has experienced rapid growth in recent years, with millions of players across the country engaging in various genres of games. As of August 2023, the top 10 mobile games in China by revenue include a mix of popular titles from different genres. In this article, we will take a closer look at the top five highest-grossing mobile games in China and explore the factors contributing to their success.
1. Honor of Kings by Tencent
Honor of Kings, developed by Tencent, is a multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) game that has taken China by storm. In August 2023, the game earned an impressive $123 million in revenue. The game's success can be attributed to its engaging gameplay, which combines elements of strategy, teamwork, and fast-paced action. Additionally, the game features a wide array of characters inspired by Chinese mythology and history, which resonates with the local audience.
2. PUBG Mobile by Tencent
Another Tencent-developed game, PUBG Mobile, has also made a significant impact on the Chinese mobile gaming market. This popular battle royale game generated $156.3 million in gross revenue in August 2022, with 60.7% of its revenue coming from China. PUBG Mobile's success can be attributed to its intense, competitive gameplay and the social aspect of playing with friends. The game's frequent updates and new content also keep players engaged and coming back for more.
3. Genshin Impact by miHoYo
Genshin Impact, developed by miHoYo, is an open-world action role-playing game that has captivated players worldwide. In August 2022, it was the third highest-grossing game globally. The game's success can be attributed to its stunning graphics, immersive storyline, and unique gameplay mechanics. Genshin Impact also features a gacha system, which encourages players to spend money on in-game currency to unlock new characters and items.
4. Egg Party
Egg Party is a casual mobile game that has gained popularity in China, earning $25.72 million in April 2023. The game's simple yet addictive gameplay, coupled with its colorful graphics and cute characters, has made it a hit among Chinese mobile gamers. Egg Party's success can also be attributed to its regular updates and events, which keep players engaged and entertained.
5. Fantasy Westward Journey
Fantasy Westward Journey, a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG), has also made its mark on the Chinese mobile gaming market, earning $24.74 million in April 2023. The game's success can be attributed to its immersive world, engaging gameplay, and deep character customization options. Additionally, the game's storyline is based on the classic Chinese novel "Journey to the West," which resonates with the local audience.
In conclusion, the top mobile games in China by revenue showcase a diverse range of genres and gameplay styles. These games have managed to captivate millions of players across the country, thanks to their engaging gameplay, immersive worlds, and cultural relevance. As the Chinese mobile gaming market continues to grow, we can expect to see even more innovative and exciting titles emerge in the coming years.
Recently, a livestream event featuring a collaboration of Chinese domestic brands has attracted widespread attention. Brands such as Hongxing Erke, Jia Duo Bao, Mixue Bingcheng, Xuelian, and Xtep joined the event, with hosts demonstrating the use of Bee & Flower shampoo, even washing their hair with shoes. This event brought classic domestic brands, which carry many childhood memories, back into the spotlight, and netizens expressed their appreciation for the unity of these brands. However, behind the hype, the question of how domestic brands can achieve sustainable growth and lasting popularity remains a concern.
The Hype of Domestic Brands
In this collaborative livestream event, major brands seized the opportunity to engage with popular trends, forming their own "CP" joint marketing campaigns and playing on nostalgia. In this era of intense commercial competition, these established brands have learned to quickly capture hot topics, attract fans, and gain traffic, resulting in increased sales. The core purpose of this event was to unite domestic brands, promote their growth and strength, and introduce more people to the advantages of domestic products.
Challenges Behind the Hype
Although Bee & Flower successfully attracted a large amount of traffic during the event, it also sparked some backlash from netizens. Critics accused the brand of "riding the wave" and engaging in "commercial warfare," which could lead to negative word-of-mouth. Additionally, if brands convey inaccurate or exaggerated information in their marketing campaigns, they may face penalties from regulatory authorities or skepticism from consumers, resulting in negative impacts on the brand.
The Path to Lasting Popularity for Domestic Brands
To achieve lasting popularity for domestic brands, the focus should be on product quality and cost-effectiveness. A report by Sequoia China, "2022 China Consumer Brand Preference Insights," points out that the main reason Chinese consumers are increasingly willing to pay for domestic products is the improvement in quality and cost-effectiveness of domestic brands. Therefore, domestic brands need to maintain product quality and cost-effectiveness while continuously innovating and enhancing their product offerings.
Secondly, domestic brands need to innovate in their marketing strategies. In the internet era, domestic brands can leverage platforms like Douyin for short videos and livestreams to accelerate the spread of brand awareness and influence, allowing more consumers to gain a direct understanding of the advantages of domestic products. At the same time, domestic brands need to maintain moderation in their marketing strategies to avoid excessive marketing that could lead to consumer backlash.
Lastly, domestic brands need to explore their cultural heritage. Some long-established domestic brands often have a rich cultural background, which can be a valuable resource for shaping brand personality and establishing emotional connections with consumers. Domestic brands can tap into their cultural heritage to create a unique brand image, allowing them to stand out in the fiercely competitive market.
In conclusion, to achieve lasting popularity, domestic brands need to optimize and improve their product quality, cost-effectiveness, marketing strategies, and cultural heritage. Only by doing so can domestic brands remain unbeatable in the intense market competition and achieve sustainable growth.
Introduction Singapore's Housing and Development Board (HDB) has been instrumental in providing affordable and quality housing for the majority of the population. In recent years, the government has introduced several policy updates to address housing affordability and accessibility concerns. These updates aim to cater to the evolving needs and aspirations of Singaporeans while maintaining the affordability and accessibility of public housing. This analysis will delve into the key policy changes and provide examples to illustrate their impact on Singapore's housing landscape.
Expanded Housing Options for Singles One of the most significant policy updates is the expansion of housing options for singles. Previously, unmarried Singaporeans faced limited choices when it came to public housing. With the recent changes, eligible singles can now purchase a resale flat under the Single Singapore Citizen Scheme, which was introduced in 1991. This policy update acknowledges the growing number of singles in Singapore and aims to provide them with more housing choices. For example, a 35-year-old single Singaporean who earns S$4,000 per month can now purchase a resale flat in a mature estate, such as Tampines or Ang Mo Kio. This allows the individual to live closer to their family and enjoy the amenities in these established neighborhoods. The expanded housing options for singles also help to promote social integration and reduce the stigma associated with being single in Singapore.
New Public Housing Framework The introduction of a new public housing framework is another significant policy update. This framework classifies flats as Standard, Plus, or Prime, with each category offering different levels of subsidies and restrictions. Plus flats, which are in "choicer locations" such as near an MRT station, will have more subsidies from HDB but also more restrictions, including a minimum occupation period of 10 years and tighter resale conditions. For instance, a young couple looking to purchase their first home may opt for a Plus flat in a prime location like Bishan, which is well-connected to public transport and offers a wide range of amenities. The couple will benefit from the increased subsidies, making the flat more affordable. However, they will also need to commit to a longer minimum occupation period and adhere to stricter resale conditions, ensuring that these flats remain accessible to those who genuinely need them. Increased Housing Grants and Subsidies
To further support housing affordability, the government has increased housing grants and subsidies, particularly for lower- and middle-income households. New measures have been introduced to assist first-time homebuyers, specifically first-time families with children and young married couples below age 40.
For example, a young married couple with a combined monthly income of S$6,000 and a child may be eligible for an Enhanced CPF Housing Grant (EHG) of up to S$80,000 when purchasing a new flat. This financial assistance can significantly reduce the upfront cost of homeownership, making it more attainable for lower- and middle-income families.
Enhanced Singles' Access to Public Housing In addition to expanding housing options for singles, the government has also enhanced singles' access to public housing. Starting from the second half of 2024, singles will be able to apply for two-room flexi flats across all types of BTO projects islandwide under the new framework.
This policy update allows singles to have more choices when it comes to public housing, enabling them to find a suitable home that meets their needs and preferences. For example, a single professional who prefers to live near their workplace in the Central Business District can now apply for a two-room flexi flat in a BTO project located in the city fringe, providing them with greater convenience and accessibility.
Making Homes More Senior-Friendly With Singapore's rapidly aging population, the government has recognized the need to make HDB homes more senior-friendly. This involves focusing on accessibility and safety features to ensure that seniors can age in place comfortably and securely.
For instance, HDB may introduce features such as slip-resistant flooring, grab bars in bathrooms, and ramps for wheelchair access in new flats. Existing flats can also be retrofitted with these features under the Enhancement for Active Seniors (EASE) program. These improvements not only benefit seniors but also create a more inclusive living environment for all residents.
In the third quarter of 2023, China's economic growth decelerated, primarily due to underperforming property and private sector investments. Various financial institutions have revised downward their growth forecasts, casting a shadow over market optimism. The IPO market shows mixed signals, while equity markets are expected to see modest gains. As the year progresses, these factors could cumulatively decide whether China meets its official growth target for 2023.
In Q3 2023, China's economic expansion showed signs of deceleration, largely attributed to stagnation in the property market and lukewarm private sector investment. The nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) expanded at 5.5% year-over-year in H1 2023, encompassing a Q2 growth of 6.3% after a 4.5% increment in Q1. Notably, fixed-asset investment expansion cooled off, registering a mere 2.8% growth in Q2, compared to a more robust 5.1% in the preceding quarter. Despite growth in investment in high-tech manufacturing and services—clocking 11.8% and 13.9% respectively—the former witnessed a significant plunge from its prior year's annual growth, which stood at 22.2%.
As for the equity markets, the CSI 300 Index, representing mainland shares, is projected to see a modest Q3 rise of around 3%. Meanwhile, Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index could potentially register a sub-6% uptick. Financial giant Goldman Sachs anticipates a bullish shift in China's stock market towards year-end.
The Initial Public Offering (IPO) sector displayed moderate activity with 25 listings in the first three quarters of 2023, accumulating USD 651 million. This shows a sharp contrast to the previous year, where only 13 IPOs took place, raising USD 449 million. Forecasts suggest the main boards in Shanghai and Shenzhen will host between 50 and 70 IPOs, with expected proceeds ranging from RMB 70 billion to RMB 90 billion. An additional 75 to 85 listings are projected on the Beijing Stock Exchange, targeting a capital inflow between RMB 14 billion and RMB 16 billion.
Financial institutions are increasingly pessimistic about China's growth trajectory. KPMG, for instance, slashed its 2023 GDP growth forecast to 5.5%, and 5.2% for 2024. Bank of America was equally bearish, revising its predictions to 5.1% for 2023 and 4.8% for 2024. Barclays trimmed its projection to 4.5% due to an accelerated decline in the housing market, while The Conference Board trimmed its 2023 forecast from 5.1% to 4.8%.
The property market, historically contributing nearly a quarter to China's economic bulk, is in a rut, with far-reaching implications for consumer spending and local fiscal health. The downward spiral in housing prices is likely to persist, prompting the central government to potentially permit local governments to increase their debt financing to service long-term obligations—a move seen as crucial for a mid-2024 economic recovery.
Over the long run, given its elevated savings rate, China's economy harbors the potential to grow at an annual rate of 5.5%. However, headwinds are imminent. The IPO market is losing steam, and policy measures need to be finessed to ensure the official growth target of approximately 5% for 2023 is not missed. The final quarter of 2023 is critical for gaining a clearer understanding of China's economic landscape, particularly any state interventions geared towards rejuvenating the all-important real estate sector.
Heikin-Ashi candlesticks offer smoothed representations of price action, effectively filtering out market noise. Four components make up each Heikin-Ashi candlestick:
Tick volume measures the number of price changes or "ticks" in a given period. Although it doesn't represent the traded shares, a high tick volume typically indicates high trading activity.
Strategy Outline for Non-Beginners
Identifying the Setup
Moving Average Filters: Apply a 50-day and a 200-day moving average to the Heikin-Ashi chart. This is to identify the macro trend.
Volume Baseline: Calculate a 20-day average tick volume to use as a baseline for comparison.
Entry Rules
Trend Confirmation: For an uptrend, look for multiple consecutive Heikin-Ashi candlesticks with long bodies and upper wicks shorter than the bodies. Reverse the criteria for a downtrend.
Volume Confirmation: Tick volume should consistently be above the 20-day average tick volume during the trend confirmation period.
Moving Average Alignment: Make sure that the 50-day moving average is above the 200-day moving average for long positions, and vice versa for short positions.
Exit Rules
Reversal Signs: Exit the position if you see two or more consecutive Heikin-Ashi candlesticks that oppose the prevailing trend.
Volume Exhaustion: Exit if tick volume dramatically falls while price moves against the position, indicating a potential reversal.
Risk Management
Stop-Loss: Use a trailing stop-loss based on the Average True Range (ATR) to account for the market's volatility. A common multiplier is 1.5x to 2x ATR.
Position Sizing: Calculate position size based on the distance to your stop-loss and your acceptable risk level per trade.
Advanced Techniques
Multi-Timeframe Analysis: Validate the trade setup using Heikin-Ashi patterns on higher timeframes.
Correlation Analysis: Cross-verify the asset's performance with correlated assets or market indices to gauge market sentiment.
Example Scenario
Heikin-Ashi: You notice that Tencent's Heikin-Ashi chart shows a series of strong bullish candles, which have long bodies and very short wicks.
Tick Volume: The tick volume is consistently above the 20-day average, signaling strong buying interest.
Moving Averages: The 50-day MA is well above the 200-day MA.
Upon confirming these elements, you initiate a long position. You set your stop-loss at 1.5 times the ATR below the current price, and you exit the position when you notice reversal signs in the Heikin-Ashi candlesticks and tick volume.
By combining Heikin-Ashi and tick volume, you can create a robust trading strategy that leverages both price action and market activity for higher probability trades.
Explore the top 10 air miles credit cards in Singapore for 2023! Compare key features, annual fees, and miles earned per dollar spent to find the perfect card for your travel adventures. ✈️💳🌏 #airmiles #creditcards #Singapore #travelrewards
Credit Card
Key Features
Annual Fee
Miles per Dollar (Local)
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Citi PremierMiles Visa
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1.2
2
DBS Altitude Visa
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UOB PRVI Miles Visa
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OCBC 90°N Card
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Standard Chartered Visa Infinite
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AMEX KrisFlyer Ascend
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BOC Elite Miles World Mastercard
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HSBC Visa Infinite
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1.25
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Maybank Horizon Visa
3.2 miles on dining, petrol, and taxi rides
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0.4
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CIMB Visa Infinite
2% cashback on travel, overseas, and online spend in foreign currencies
Being articulate in speech is important and can benefit individuals in various aspects of their lives. Being articulate is a valuable skill that is often overlooked and not properly taught, especially to young men. Being articulate allows individuals to negotiate, communicate effectively, and make a compelling case for themselves or their ideas. Our culture is based on the idea that words have the power to bring order from chaos, and being articulate is a way to harness that power. Examples are given of how being articulate has helped people in different professions, such as a plumber who can negotiate with clients or a special operations soldier who can communicate effectively with his team and superiors. Choosing to be inarticulate is foolish and limits one's potential. To become more articulate, one should pay attention to what they say and how it makes them feel, feel for the right words that align with their beliefs and values, listen to oneself, avoid fillers and pauses, and take the time to craft words carefully. Reading great writers and writing about one's thoughts and problems can also improve articulation. Being articulate is a moral endeavor and a way to become the master of one's own tongue. Pausing and asking oneself genuine questions during conversations can lead to interesting conversations and personal growth.
Southeast University asserts its commitment to a “zero-tolerance” policy regarding moral and ethical conduct among its faculty members. Source from SCMP
I. Introduction
In recent years, we have observed a worrying trend in our education system — a moral decline marked by disturbing incidents involving teachers breaching professional boundaries, often manifested as sexual harassment or infidelity. These are not just aberrations but signs of a deep-rooted systemic issue that warrants urgent attention.
Infidelity among teachers goes beyond marital indiscretion and includes inappropriate relationships or sexual misconduct with colleagues, students, or other stakeholders in the education sector. Such behaviour is detrimental to the teachers involved and has far-reaching effects on the victims and the larger educational community.
II. Historical Perspective
Review of Historical Trends of Morality in Education
Teachers and students build education on a foundation of trust and mutual respect. Over the years, this moral fabric has unfortunately seen its share of stains. More recently, in the digital era, the apparent anonymity and perceived lack of direct consequences have likely contributed to a rise in inappropriate conduct and sexual harassment within the education system. It is a concern because it undermines the fundamental values of education and creates a hostile environment for learners, hindering their growth and development.
A significant insight into this problem came from the “Survey on Sexual Harassment Encountered by Undergraduates and Graduates in Chinese Universities” in 2017. This report revealed alarming statistics about the prevalence of sexual harassment in educational institutions. Of the 6,531.0 surveyed students, 69.3% reported having experienced sexual harassment. This figure translates into 4,526.0 individuals, worrying 11.0% enduring such harassment more than five times.
More significantly, school superiors — including school leaders, teachers, and tutors — were responsible for 9.1% of these incidents, signalling a profound issue within the education system.
If we look at more recent data, the problem persists and even worsens. In 2022, China had approximately 37.0 million undergraduate and 3.7 million graduate students. Based on the proportion of harassment incidents reported in the 2017 survey suggests that around 2.5 million of these students may be experiencing unethical behaviour from their academic superiors. This statistic lays bare the scale of the issue and underscores the pressing need for immediate action.
Further complicating the matter is that 50.2% of reported sexual misconduct originated from university students, many of whom are likely to become future teachers. This figure brings attention to a deeply rooted problem that extends beyond the current teaching body and implies that the culture and norms within academic environments must be scrutinised and rectified.
III. Case Studies
Various specific instances of teacher infidelity further highlight the severity of this issue. Here are just a few cases:
Zeng, the director of the Sculpture Department at Sichuan Media College, was dismissed after discovering his multiple inappropriate relationships with female students. His actions constituted a gross violation of professional ethics and an abuse of the trust his students and institution placed in him.
At Zhengzhou University, a teacher named Wang forcibly assaulted a female student, leading to her pregnancy. The subsequent forced abortion resulted in her infertility. They dismissed Wang from his post due to his reprehensible actions. The female student posted in her Webo, “I didn’t dare to bring up this matter before because I was always afraid of the power and retaliation from the principal’s teaching. The feeling of humiliation and self-esteem sealed my mouth. I admit that I was quite naive at that time. I must take some responsibility for the whole incident. The helplessness of my family, the legacy of education, and the lack of love in the past have all contributed to this terrible outcome.”
Qian Fengsheng, an associate professor at the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, was dismissed from his role following allegations of sexual harassment. His actions, which included verbal and physical harassment of a student, caused significant distress and violated her rights.
Following revelations of deceptive relationships with multiple female students, Peking University dismissed Feng Renjie, a researcher, and revoked his teaching qualifications. His actions represented a gross exploitation of his students’ trust and a flagrant disregard for appropriate behaviour.
Ye Cheng, a counsellor at the Art College of Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, was expelled for engaging in a long-term extramarital affair with a student. His actions constituted a breach of professional ethics and abused the power dynamic inherent in his role.
A prominent professor and doctor, Li Qi, in Shanghai, has been dismissed from his position following allegations of an extramarital affair and subsequent abortion with one of his female students. An investigation by the university concluded that the professor’s actions violated professional ethics and hurt society.
On the evening of 16 Jan 22, a teacher named Dong from Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine raped a 21-year-old female student. On the 17th, reporters learned that the police were investigating the incident. Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine has issued a statement announcing that they have dismissed Dong.
IV. Sexual Infidelity that Chinese College Students Might Face
The statistics reveal a concerning landscape of sexual harassment students faces in China, with numerous violations reported. A significant 33.8% of students reported experiencing unwanted sexualised staring, which, while appearing minor, can create a discomforting learning environment. The issue of unwanted sexual gestures or exposure was reported by 25.9% of the respondents, marking a clear violation of personal boundaries and consent.
A large percentage of students, 34.8%, reported being subjected to unwanted sexual jokes, texts, or images. This insidious form of harassment can significantly hamper the mental well-being of students. Insulting comments about a student’s sexual orientation were reported in 8.6% of incidents, indicating the discrimination students face based on their sexual identities.
The issue of persistent, unwanted sexual advances, even after rejection, was reported by 20.3% of students. Such behaviour can impose significant psychological stress on victims. A high 32.7% of students reported experiences of unwanted physical contact, demonstrating a direct invasion of personal space.
Reports indicate that 8.8% of incidents involved unwanted forced kissing, and despite forming a smaller fraction at 1.7%, explicit sexual coercion still showcases the presence of outright forceful behaviours. Alarmingly, 3.2% of respondents reported fears of retaliation for not complying with sexual demands, and a similar percentage reported instances of forced sexual activity.
These figures present a disquieting picture of the extent and variety of sexual harassment experiences endured by students, highlighting the need for comprehensive action to address this issue.
V. Factors of the Ridiculous Situations
Several factors contribute to the persistence of teacher infidelity and sexual misconduct despite years of regulation and oversight. These factors include:
Psychological and Physiological Needs
Most incidents of teacher infidelity or sexual misconduct occur among individuals aged 35 to 45, which is the highest age group for getting a divorce. This age group often experiences the “seven-year itch” in their marriages or seeks new relationships after leaving previous, stagnant marriages. The nature of their work also leaves them yearning for new stimuli. Unlike other industries where individuals interact with different people daily, teachers primarily interact with students and children. If their lives lack additional excitement outside of work, they may seek fulfilment and satisfy their psychological needs elsewhere.
Changing Times and Distant Teacher-Student Relationships
In Chinese universities, a common phenomenon is that teachers need help remembering their students’ names, and students need to be made aware of their teachers’ identities. The teacher-student relationship has become increasingly impersonal and distant. However, as relationships gradually develop, teachers may feel accomplished and satisfied. Teachers are mostly admired by their students when they are closed together, which helps them to gain value and appreciation.
Teaching Extends Beyond Education to Power Dynamics
Teachers possess the authority to review students’ graduation theses and determine their academic future, creating a power dynamic that leaves students reluctant to speak out against inappropriate behaviour. The difficulty of documenting touch-based incidents as evidence further hinders students’ ability to protect their rights.
The report highlights an unfortunate case of sexual harassment experienced by a female doctoral student at the hands of her supervisor. The supervisor engaged in a range of inappropriate behaviours, including making derogatory comments about the student’s appearance, coercing her to expose her feet, and violating her boundaries under the guise of paternal affection. This ongoing harassment took a severe toll on the student’s mental health, leading to depression and thoughts of suicide. The supervisor’s actions, characterised by a volatile temperament and a desire to humiliate others, created an environment of fear and shame for the student. Despite her resilience and decision to continue her academic journey, the supervisor’s harassment persisted, further exacerbating her distress. The case highlights the profound impact that sexual harassment can have on victims and emphasises the urgent need for effective measures to prevent and address such misconduct in educational settings.
The recent news involving an alleged involvement of a female doctoral student from the South China University of Technology in her supervisor’s marriage has attracted significant public attention and scrutiny. Social media platforms have played a role in amplifying these incidents and sparking public discourse.
Lack of Clear Feedback Channels and Institutional Response
There is a general lack of clear channels for students to provide feedback and report incidents of teacher infidelity or sexual misconduct. Instances where individuals have attempted to report such behaviour, have often been met with indifference or ineffective responses. For example, the wife of a teacher involved in an extramarital affair had no means to address the issue within the school. She resorted to anonymously reporting the teacher’s misconduct online. Many students express a lack of awareness regarding reporting channels or doubt the effectiveness of reporting. Some have sent multiple registered letters without any response until resorting to public online platforms.
In 2011, Huang Qiaozhen had been anonymously reporting Dai Mou Biao for several years. In the second year of her marriage, after giving birth, she experienced severe pain in her genitals, triggering memories of being raped six years prior. She sought justice by approaching the Ganzhou Public Security Bureau and Gannan Normal University, filing complaints and writing letters of accusation, but her efforts went unanswered. Huang expressed deep sadness and frustration, often unable to control her tears.
Here is another example from the study, during her university years, a female student sought help from a teacher with international study experience to write a recommendation letter. While reviewing the letter in his office, the teacher put his arm around her shoulder and touched her inappropriately. She felt frozen and didn’t know how to react. Afterwards, she confided in her roommates, and some male friends, but their reactions were minimal. She struggled with the incident but eventually found support from a close friend and books to help her cope. She felt helpless then, unsure how to report the teacher without jeopardising her graduation or facing potential gossip.
Misunderstanding and Shame from Parents Result in Reduced Consciousness
In this story, a woman recounts her experience of being sexually harassed by a family friend during her childhood. Despite feeling violated, she could not speak up due to shame and fear. The incident caused her to resent her mother for not protecting her. Over the years, she carried the trauma and eventually found solace in journaling about her feelings. The story highlights the long-lasting impact of sexual harassment and the silence surrounding it.
The story revolves around a woman who shares her unsettling encounter with sexual harassment during childhood. The incident involves a family friend who took advantage of her vulnerability and subjected her to inappropriate behaviour. The woman’s feelings of violation and disgust were compounded by a sense of shame, preventing her from disclosing the incident to her parents or seeking help. The narrative highlights the damaging effect of social stigma surrounding sexual harassment and its detrimental impact on victims, causing them to internalise blame and suffer in silence.
At the dinner table, Siqi said to her mother with the tone of spreading cream on bread, “Our home-schooling seems to have everything except for sex education.” Her mother looked surprised and responded, “What sex education? Sex education is for those who need sex. Isn’t that what education is all about?” Siqi understood then that her parents would forever be absent from this story. They skipped class, yet they assumed school hadn’t even started. — An excerpt from “Fang Siqi’s First Love Paradise”.
These factors collectively contribute to the persistence of teacher infidelity and sexual misconduct within the education system. If left unchecked, these behaviours can harm students’ well-being and academic environment, undermine the trust and reputation of the education system, and perpetuate a culture of misconduct.
Raising the Level of Public Sexual Education and Emotional Cognition Education in China
The report shows that men and women have different understandings and definitions of sexual behaviour. It’s especially noteworthy when the understanding disparity exceeds 15%. Under different comprehension standards, how can we effectively define and guide men’s and women’s behaviour? In China’s traditional education, sex often causes discomfort or embarrassment, resulting in a lack of clear boundaries and understanding of appropriate behaviour among modern men and women, which includes whether sharing past sexual experiences counts as sexual harassment. This lack of education causes many students to fail to recognise when they’re facing inappropriate phenomena and behaviours.
Develop and Implement Robust Policies and Training Programs
Education institutions should create a comprehensive policy addressing teacher-student relationships and providing guidelines for appropriate behaviour. The policy should include consequences for violations, such as dismissal, revocation of teaching licenses, and potential legal action. The educational community should receive clear communication about this policy.
In addition to the policy, educational institutions should implement mandatory training programs for staff and faculty members. These programs should focus on professional ethics, understanding and respecting boundaries, and how to recognise and report inappropriate behaviour. They should implement regular refresher training to ensure these concepts remain top-of-mind.
They should also establish anonymous reporting channels that allow students to express their concerns without fearing retaliation. It is essential to create an environment where students feel safe and comfortable reporting any incidents of misconduct.
For the unique profession of a teacher, it might be necessary to establish higher monitoring mechanisms or punitive measures on the moral level. For example, the education system should bar teachers who demonstrate “immoral” behaviour from re-entry. Recruitment processes should include online auditing mechanisms and conduct background checks on people close to these individuals. Undeniably, the teaching profession is a disseminator of social values and ethics. We need to apply higher scrutiny to moral standards. How can we expect a teacher who has strayed, lacking self-control and family values, to nurture excellent talents with the correct values and family concepts?
Comprehensive Sex and Emotional Education
The data shows that misunderstandings about appropriate sexual behaviour and a lack of awareness about sexual harassment contribute to the issue. Therefore, the Chinese education system should implement comprehensive sex and emotional education at all levels of education, including college.
In a case study of the US sexual harassment education, the regulations highlight some standards. “Define child sexual abuse, sexual harassment, and domestic violence and explain why they are harmful and their potential impacts” that students can do by the end of Grade 5. Their “National Sexuality Education Standards: Content and Skills, K-12” guides every school and teacher to educate all the students to try to protect themselves and have the correct definition.
This education should cover various topics, such as consent, understanding and respecting boundaries, recognising inappropriate behaviour, and understanding the emotional implications of relationships. By equipping students with this knowledge, we can ensure that they are prepared to navigate the complexities of relationships and know when they are in a potentially harmful situation.
Learn from Other Experienced Countries
Adopt a Zero-Tolerance Policy:
In the United States, Title IX is a federal civil rights law passed as part of the Education Amendments of 1972. It prohibits sex discrimination in educational institutions that receive federal funds, including sexual harassment. Chinese education institutions could adopt similar zero-tolerance policies against sexual misconduct or infidelity, strictly adhering to these policies without exception, including providing resources for students to understand their rights and ensuring swift and thorough investigations into any claims of harassment or misconduct.
Establish Title IX-Inspired Offices and Roles:
Many American universities have offices dedicated to Title IX, ensuring compliance with the law, conducting investigations, and providing support for victims. Chinese universities could also establish similar roles or offices dedicated to handling reports of sexual misconduct, providing support and resources for victims, and conducting investigations.
These offices would ensure that the university’s policies align with best practices in handling such issues. They would also provide training to all staff, faculty, and students to better understand what constitutes inappropriate behaviour and how to report it. Such offices could also lead the way in fostering a culture of respect and integrity within the institution.
VII. Conclusion
In conclusion, teacher infidelity and sexual misconduct in the Chinese education system is a pressing issue that requires immediate attention. Implementing these strategies can create a safe, respectful, and supportive environment for students and teachers.
